Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public transport systems. To what extent do you agree? Whether the government budget should be invested in traffic infrastructure or public transport systems is open to debate.

Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public transport systems. To what extent do you agree? Whether the government budget should be invested in traffic infrastructure or public transport systems is open to debate. 

In my opinion, each has substantial contribution to the society; and therefore should receive equal fundings.

To start with, better road quality would have an instant positive effect on the
daily  commute  of  citizens.  In  developing  countries,  it  is  relatively  more convenient to travel by private vehicles in lieu of waiting for buses and trains with restricted routes and schedules. However, the staggering number of cars, motorbikes and scooters has led to one of most the aching issues in downtown areas which is urban traffic congestion in downtown areas. A feasible measure to this matter is that the authority should spend money on expanding road capacity and implement road improvement scheme. As a result, there will be more space for a larger volume of traffic and safer roads for all inhabitants.

On the other hand, state funding for public transport is another radical resolution to the increasing traffic density. Take the metro systems in Hanoi which are currently under construction and projected to be in operation by 2020. Beside road building and maintenance, major cities like Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh city invested a huge chunk of money in its metro projects to cope with heavy congestion and frequent traffic accidents. Moreover, better public transport system would create a major lifestyle shift, encouraging people to give up their private vehicles. In other words, promoting the use of public transport would dramatically alleviate air pollution particularly in emerging economies.

In short, I believe that similar amount of money should be allocated to road and public transport to ensure smooth traffic flow.

See more: As the number of cars increases, more money has to be spent on road systems. Some people think the government should pay for this. Others, however, think that the users should cover the costs. Discuss and give your opinion.

As the number of cars increases, more money has to be spent on road systems. Some people think the government should pay for this. Others, however, think that the users should cover the costs. Discuss and give your opinion.

As the number of cars increases, more money has to be spent on road systems. Some people think the government should pay for this. Others, however, think that the users should cover the costs. Discuss and give your opinion.

The growing density of cars call for road improvement scheme. While some people argue that it is the government’s responsibility to pay for road construction, I believe that car users should be charged for the service.

To start with, there are some arguments put forth in support of the government’s spending on road building and maintenance. First, an efficient road transport system plays a pivotal role in ensuring smooth traffic flow, giving a boost in trade activities within the country and economic growth at large.

For example, modern road infrastructure has a crucial part to play in the rapid development of major cities in the world such as New York or Paris. Furthermore, the convenience and safety of citizens should be of paramount concern of the authority. Therefore, each level of government is obliged by law to provide and maintain the national road network such as local roads, bridges or foot paths.

However, I strongly support the latter opinion that car commuters should cover the cost of road infrastructure. Compared to walking or cycling which leave little visual damage on road, cars definitely take up more space on city streets, and high demand for car use in everyday life causes road deterioration at an increasingly fast rate. For this reason, roadbuilding and expansion mostly facilitate drivers so that they can travel safely and smoothly. Besides, car owners normally have significantly higher income than others. Funding for new construction and repair, thus, is a form of lifting the financial burden on less fortunate ones in order that the community as a whole can enjoy a better living standard.

In conclusion, despite the fact that the government is responsible for national affairs in general including road construction, I reckon that it is moral and legal duty of car users to pay for their regular road use and support poor individuals.

See more: Some people think it is more important to spend money on roads and motorways than on public transport systems. To what extent do you agree? Whether the government budget should be invested in traffic infrastructure or public transport systems is open to debate.

Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development.

Space travel has been possible for some time and some people believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development.

Space tourism industry is officially open for business, and tickets are sold at scarily exorbitant prices. However, the growing trend of paying a visit to outer space is open to debate. From my perspective, this novel form of travel offers more benefits than drawbacks.

To begin with, a holiday beyond the stratosphere is an eye-opening experience for travellers. Since the dawn of time, it has been an intangible desire to explore and challenge the boundaries of what we know and where we have been amidst this vast universe. The possibility of being able to travel to space would not only satisfy one’s curiosity but also enrich their knowledge to a great extent. In addition, such a dramatic shift in perception would make an individual learn to value the life on Earth, raising self-awareness in protecting our Mother Nature. Therefore, space travel should be made equally available to ordinary members of the public.

On the other hand, opponents of space tourism argue that this extravagant service is limited to professional astronauts and top one percent of the population who own the majority of the world’s wealth. This may be true given the small customer base and during the pioneering phase. That being said, growing demand accompanied by the development in orbital facilities will pave the way for mass phase in which tickets to orbit cost less and the number of passengers per year expand quickly.

Eventually, a boom in space tourism would induce job opportunities in every line of business - from construction to interior design and marketing. Once orbital flights are made on a regular basis, scientists and government agencies are motivated to reach new heights in space technology, achieving historic breakthrough such as finding evidence of life forms on other planets.

In conclusion, developing space tourism is a challenging issue and it may take a long time to become an affordable service to all, rather than a pastime for the rich. However, I believe space tourism should be perceived as a positive trend as it can generate employment and provide thorough understanding of the universe.

Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?

Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?

Modern parents are giving into children’s demands and buy them all the latest toys and gadgets. I would argue that on no account can this parenting style bring any benefits for kids in the long run. Worse still, this negative education would cause detrimental consequences when they reach adulthood.

First, over-indulgence can be harmful to young children, both socially and developmentally. When kids are provided with the latest must-have items, they are less likely to grasp the notion of sharing or appreciation for their parents’ affection. Eventually, they interpret negative behaviours such as whining or begging as a way to manipulate others. In addition, little do the young ones comprehend the value of hard- earned money if adults keep showering them in spending splurges. Consequently, spoilt kids can become insensitive to the needs of others, are prone to temper tantrum and have trouble deferring gratification.

On the other hand, instant gratification could lead to adverse consequences in the future. Children who are spoiled do not have to learn responsible behaviours. Nor do they understand the concept of boundaries as adults and can develop problems such as gambling, overeating or drinking. Lacking in emotional maturity and having poor problem-solving skills, these adults might flounder and become unhappy with their lives. Furthermore, as over-indulged and over protected kids do not grasp the lesson of giving and taking in a relationship, they can have difficulty in establishing and maintaining meaningful friendships.

In short, sometimes effective parenting skills involve resisting the desire to give kids whatever they want. Indeed, spoilt kids can lack life skills necessary to successfully negotiate the demands of adulthood given that their troubles have always been tackled by parents’ money.

Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages.

Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages.

In the hectic modern-day life, staying physically and mentally healthy is of paramount importance. While some people argue that medical care should be provided by private entities, I believe that the dominance of private hospitals and clinics pose more threats than benefits.

To begin with, private sector is supposedly more efficient and responsive to patients’ needs because of market competition. In order to gain widespread popularity, private practices would employ well-qualified personnel and top- notch treatment facilities, attracting and retaining patients with competitive services. Consequently, by virtue of high-quality medical care and favorable staff’s attitude, patients often choose to bypass free public clinic and opt for private doctors. Another argument in support of private services is the relatively substantial funding compared to public ones. Bountiful financial resources would eventually result in research findings on medicine and treatment for acute health problems, from which patients are intended beneficiaries.

On the other hand, advocates of public sectors have highlighted inequities in access to health care resulting from the inability of the poor to pay for private services. There have been cases of private healthcare institutions charging exorbitant fees for medical treatments. Sadly though, the government has little control over the quality and the amount private hospitals and clinics charge the patients. In this situation, citizens are left at the whim of healthcare providers who are mostly driven by profit motives, rather than serving the ailing mankind. Furthermore, there are also moral and ethical issues regarding doctors and nursing staff in private sector. Some physicians would prescribe brand-name medications based on the commissions from pharmaceutical companies.

In short, even though they offer better service and more cutting-edge medical equipment than their public-sector counterparts, negative aspects of the private providers such as overcharge and unethical staff overshadow the advantages.

People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a society. What extent do you agree or disagree?

People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a society. What extent do you agree or disagree?

In the hectic modern-day life, people are increasingly leaning towards a healthier lifestyle. However, whether being health-conscious is for the sake of one individual or for the benefit of society at large is open to debate. In my opinion, I reckon that not only staying healthy would do good to oneself but it also indicates the duty of every citizen.

To begin with, one’s mental and physical condition is inextricably linked to their life quality. In essence, those who maintain a good overall health are capable of performing their tasks more effectively than physically weaker counterparts. In other words, a person’s well-being at the grass-roots level provides the foundation for building wealth and reaching desirable financial status. Additionally, a disease- free body allows people to live life to the fullest, experiencing what life has to offer around you. To illustrate this, one can not participate in extreme sports such as bungee jumping or skydiving if their fitness level is not qualified.

On the other hand, each citizen should consider taking care of their health a responsibility to sustain communal health. Take the outbreak of EBOLA and SARS as a vivid illustration of a single patient infecting a disproportionate number of contact. This is an important wake-up call for ignorant members in every community. In order to prevent and control the super spreading of emerging viruses, concerted effort of the authority and each inhabitant of great importance. Furthermore, a strong and healthy labour force plays a pivotal role in the economic growth of a nation. Consequently, a thriving country with a steadily rising budget would allocate necessary resources to improve the welfare system, ensuring equal access quality health care to all.

In short, human resource is the most valuable asset of a country. Therefore, a healthy community calls for collective actions, in which all the sectors - the local government, individual citizens as well as other groups work together for a common purpose. Staying healthy both physically and mentally can do good to each person and the community as a whole.

Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it are more likely to get a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is argued that those who make early career choice and stick to it would probably experience greater job satisfaction than job-hoppers. I strongly disagree with this statements for the following reasons.
First, the pursuit of a career path for an extended period of time would ensure financial stability, resulting in greater satisfaction. The interval between the last interview and a job offer or rejection can be intensely frustrating for every candidate. Job search fatigue can wear anyone down with the endless rounds of leads and interviews that never seem to go anywhere. In addition to a steady paycheck, holding down a job for years is a manifestation of loyalty and commitment. From an employer’s perspective, these are significant indicators of promotion among current staff. To a certain extent, the length of employment is closely linked to the opportunity to successfully move up/ climb the corporate ladder.
However, advocates of jop jumpers would argue that those who stay with a job for a long time have less diverse skill sets and a relatively narrow range of knowledge. In
contrast, one of the greatest advantages of regular job switch is that it allows one individual to gain valuable skills and knowledge in different environments and cultures. In today’s economy, this is equivalent to remain current and constantly updated in a highly competitive market. Furthermore, changing jobs can certainly be a path to higher salary. If one hops once in a while, their number of contacts expand following a bigger potential professional network and more career choice in the future. Thus, job hoppers could actually be in a much better negotiating positions when it comes to dealing a new job offer on account of their diverse experience and contacts across different industries.
In conclusion, frequent job changers might have higher level of job satisfaction and brighter career prospectswhereas staying with a single job does not guarantee the same sense of fulfillment later in life.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.

Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.

Today’s world has been divided into developing and industrialized countries where the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflected in a poor health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting unfortunate countries.

Most of the African countries live in inhuman conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic in those countries could improve if the infected populations receive free drugs to control the disease, have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. But this can only be achieved through international help programs in which leaders of the world's richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need.

Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw material to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them which results in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the world's poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries.

In conclusion, leaders of the industrialized countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing nations deal with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.

Even though globalization affects the world's economies in a positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss both view and give your opinion.

Even though globalization affects the world's economies in a positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss both view and give your opinion.

In the present age, globalization is playing increasingly important role in our lives. But in the meantime whether it is a blessing or a curse has sparked much debate. Some people argue the globalization has fundamentally beneficial influence on our lives while many others contend that it has detrimental effect as well.
Convincing argument can be made that globalization not only plays a pivotal role in the development of technology and economy, but also promotes the exchange of cultures between different countries. To start with, it is the globalization that impelled many corporations to become an international group, thereby making contribution to local technology and employment. Specifically, when a multinational group establishes a factory in a developing country, the new equipment, the new management skill and the job vacancies are all in the best interest of local society. Moreover, people worldwide can know each other better through globalization.
Admittedly, profit-driven globalization severely affected the young people. Today, in the metropolises in different countries, it is very common sight that teenagers are wearing NIKE T-shirt and Adidas footwear, playing Hi-pop music with Apple I pod and having KFC. The culture that took thousand years to form is just seems similar in these cities; it is looks like you can only distinguish them by their language. Meanwhile, in some developing countries, the existence of sweatshops is always the issue that concerned by WHOM. For instance, some reports show that some teenagers who are employed by Nike's contractor always stay in the factories that are filled with toxic gases over 14 hours a day, but they only work for fifty cents per hour.
In summary, I would concede that globalization do come with some adverse effects. Despite that the benefits created by it far outweigh the disadvantages. Overall, I convinced that we should further promote globalization and meanwhile the local government should take some measures to combat culture assimilation and sweatshops.

The users of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, are replacing face-to-face contact in this century. Do you think the advantages of this way outweigh the disadvantages?

The users of social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, are replacing face-to-face contact in this century. Do you think the advantages of this way outweigh the disadvantages? 

In the era of information technology, the advent of social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter has gradually become a substitute for face-to-face communication. From my perspective, this growing trend offers more drawbacks than benefits in long term.

First, advocates of online communication would argue that it expands the available time and place in which a meeting can occur. For example, one can stay in constant touch with their loved ones via online messenger or video calls regardless of geographical barriers. In business context, rather than having to travel to specific location, people can plan to meet at times that work for all of their schedules. In addition, for professionals and academics, social networking sites allow users to create networks of like-minded people, expanding the horizons of what sort of contacts they can make in their professional lives.

While it is impossible to deny the importance of these platforms, and the way that they have revolutionized communication, it is essential to realize their detrimental effects on our life. One issue with these digital forms of communication is that they are counter-intuitive, they have led to fewer interactions rather than encouraging frequent contacts of one person to another. Another negative impact of social networking technology is on interpersonal skills. It is a common sense to handle tough conversations such as breakup or getting fired in person. That being said, many opt for delivering the message online, avoiding the nerve-wracking feeling of telling someone bad news. In fact, the quality of decreasing conversations are suffering as well due to the prevalence of social networking.

In conclusion, I believe that the negative influences of social media to people’s relationships overshadow the advantages it might bring. Therefore, moderate use of this modern communication tool is advisable.
 

People think that children nowadays have more freedom. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

People think that children nowadays have more freedom. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 
Freedom is an abstract concept that cannot be adequately measured on any physical scales. However, many people incline to the view that children these days enjoy a more liberal life than previous generations. My opinion is utterly opposed on this issue for the following reasons.
One of the arguments put forth in support of the former statement is that the digital age presents an unparalleled opportunity for kids to gain access to a tremendous amount of information without geographical barriers. Ironically, the advent of the Internet is more of a mixed blessing. Indeed, the obvious merits of the world wide web cannot overshadow a worrying tendency of that growing addiction to electrical gadgets such as laptops, tablets or smartphones. Therefore, early exposure to the virtual world ended up erecting invisible boundaries, inducing kids’ estrangement from actual human interactions.
On the other hand, amidst a modern-day hectic world, there is an inordinate amount of pressure on young people to become successful artists, entrepreneurs or startup CEOs before the age of 30. Consequently, parents would compel their offspring to enroll in highest-paying college majors, oblivious to their utmost passion. In addition, adult supervision seems to be extending into every aspect of children’s lives. Take the recent arrest and jailing in US of a mother for abandoning her nine- year-old daughter to play alone in the park while she worked. In the current climate of obsession with children’s safety, parents who let their youngsters out of sight court the accusation of irresponsibility, if not gross negligence. However, this school of thought may accidentally cause the erosion of children’s freedom to engage with the world at will.
In conclusion, while the proliferation of the electronic devices could hamper children’s direct contact with the real world, parents may unintentionally impede a child from acquiring their innate dreams and fundamental life skills for being overprotective. Thus, I believe millennials feel confined rather than free during a hightech era.

The increase in people's life expectancy means that they have to work older to pay for their retirement. One alternative is that people start to work at younger age. Is this alternative a positive or negative development?

The increase in people's life expectancy means that they have to work older to pay for their retirement. One alternative is that people start to work at younger age. Is this alternative a positive or negative development?

Human in general are experiencing a longer life expectancy, which lead to an overwhelming number of people continue to work after the legal retirement age. Whereas, others opt for entering the workforce at an earlier age, and from my perspective, this is a negative development.
First, choosing a career path - and the appropriate university courses for that profession - is a decision of paramount importance. Contrary to popular belief, landing on a job while studying - be it a part-time job or an apprenticeship, could easily distract youngsters from fulfilling their duties at school. In essence, in the current climate of obsession with early success, one is put under intense pressure to become successful artists, entrepreneurs and startup CEOs before the age 25, enjoying retirement with a generous income. That being said, that chilling reality could be a pipe dream for most. In fact, many well-paid jobs, such as doctors or lawyers, require a multi-year commitment to a long training course which can take up to 6 years or more, and thus, are not suitable for those who start working too early, yet lack formal education.
On the other hand, there is mounting evidence that many elderly people are physically and mentally fit to stay in work until their 70s. I believe that people who remain in paid employment past retirement age or involved in community or voluntary work improve their chances of staying healthier for longer. Continuing to have a routine and going into a place of work each day can prevent the sense of loneliness that could come with retirement. Furthermore, by engaging in active employment, two problems are solved: the pension and the retirement savings crisis. Financial independence is the ultimate goal that everyone would pursue in order to live comfortably in older age.
In short, the youth-obsessed culture has caused young people to take career decisions earlier than previous generations. However, working past retirement age could result in lengthening life spans, improved health and financial secure retirement.

Nowadays young people spend too much of their free time in shopping malls. Some people fear that this may have negative effects on young people and the society they live in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays young people spend too much of their free time in shopping malls. Some people fear that this may have negative effects on young people and the society they live in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 
The young today spend a large amount of leisure time in shopping centers. It is fear that this trend can bring about negative influences on the youths and the society. Personally, I strongly disagree with this view.
On the one hand, for the young generation spending too much time at the shopping malls can make them waste a great deal of money. As there are dozens of brands with various prices and design for them to choose from, they are easily tempted to buy things impulsively and misspend money on unnecessary stuff. For example, when some big brand names slash the prices, a shopaholic may purchase 10 shirts and jeans in a row and this cost her somewhere $100; however, such items often end up being left in the wardrobe. For the society, because youngsters are unlikely to participate in other activities such as their work or studying, economy may suffer due to less work being done and the youths could slack off their knowledge acquisition, making the national education standard drop significantly.
On the other hand, there are also some advantages of this trend. First, in terms of the young, spending time at the malls is considered a method of relaxation. In modern life these days, young people have to deal with lots of pressure from school or workplace, so this trend helps them enjoy their life and effectively release their stress. Second, the society also benefits from this phenomenon. The increase in the amount of consumption will promote manufacture and commerce in the fashion industry, which afterward will create more jobs and boost the economic growth.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that devoting a huge amount of time in shopping malls could lead to both negative and positive consequences to the young as well as the society.

Nowadays in many countries more and more people are spending their time away from their families. Why is this? What are the effects on themselves and on their families?

Nowadays in many countries more and more people are spending their time away from their families. Why is this? What are the effects on themselves and on their families?

 
In the modern life, there are more and more people spending less time with their family. This essay will examine the major causes and possible influences of this phenomenon.
To begin with, there are several explanations that are worth mentioning about this issue. The first reason is that due to the fast pace of modern life, people are now living a busier one and devoting an increasing amount of time to work. It is increasingly common that people tend to lose the balance between family and clerical work since they usually spend more time at work and do not come home until late at night. For example, due to the heavy workload many workers have to work more than 10 hours a day, and sometimes they are required to work during weekend or overnight to meet the deadline. The rapid development of social media is the second reason for this trend. That parents and children stay together but hold their own mobile phones or laptops to communicate with online friends on Facebook instead of talking with each other is easily seen these days.
This rising issue is having considerable impacts on both individuals themselves and family. First, it is believed that family is where people can share their feelings and problems, which help them to release their stress. However, an individual may experience emotional distress if they do not receive proper support from his/ her immediate family. Second, the bonds between parents and children may be weakened. For instance, when parents do not spend much time with their children, their children will lack of appropriate parental care and attention and are likely to follow a path towards criminal behaviors.
In conclusion, there are two main factors leading to the fact that people hardly make time for their family and not only individuals but also the family may suffer from this trend in both physical and emotional ways.

Solving environment problems should be the responsibility of an international organization rather than each national government. Do you agree or disagree?

Solving environment problems should be the responsibility of an international organization rather than each national government. Do you agree or disagree? 

People hold different views about how to cope with environment problems. While some people argue that it is the duty of international organization, rather than a single country, to solve environment-related issues, I believe that both parties/ sides should join hands in solving this problem.
On the one hand, many countries may share the same environmental concerns; however, they would stem from various causes. Therefore, each nation should implement different policies and measures to address the problem. For example, over-exploitation of natural resources and deforestation are identified as the biggest culprit for desertification in the USA; whereas, the growing rate of desertified land in China has been mainly caused by rapid urbanization. In addition, the priority regarding environmental issue is also varied in each country, calling for different approach and strategies to tackle the problem. To illustrate, in emerging economies such as Vietnam, reducing the worrying level of air pollution from industrial activities is of highest priority.
On the other hand, the problems that each government is experiencing are indeed interconnected, hence, concerted efforts by all nations are necessary. Thus, international organizations such as the United Nations play a vital role in promoting and coordinate global action to reduce carbon footprint and curb the global warming threat. Furthermore, wealthy countries should provide financial and technological support for poor nations in the fight against green issues, since the detrimental effects of environmental problems could spread beyond national borders. In other words, an international effort is needed to yield an efficient environment protection scheme.
In conclusion, while international organizations could exert huge impact on a global scale, the combination of international and governmental efforts would have even more profound influences on the environment.

The animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in sea. What are the reasons and solutions?

The animal species are becoming extinct due to human activities on land and in sea. What are the reasons and solutions?

It is frightening that myriads of terrestrial and marine animals are on the verge of extinction due to human beings. My essay will shed light on the causes and measures to this issue.
To begin with, the constant tampering of nature by human has led to drastic changes in the natural world resulting in animals and plants finding it more difficult and difficult to survive. Nearly every kind of habitat or ecosystem - be it land, air or water - has been affected by the uncontrollable destruction of habitats by human. The impact of humans taking land for buildings, farming and timber has rendered species extinct at speeds unprecedented in Earth’s history. Besides, humans, due to their industrial, agricultural, or normal day-to-day activities, release an inordinate amount of toxic waste that is eventually dumped into the air, water or landfills. Tragedies like oil spills have been known to destroy and threaten many aquatic life forms.
Having said that, rapid, greatly intensified efforts to address the problem, slowing the extinctions currently underway. First, each government should levy exorbitant fines on devastating behaviors such as littering, illegal dumping or other environmental offences. The implementation of stringent laws, accompanied by extensive media coverage of the issue would raise environmental awareness among all sections of the society. Second, international organizations such as the United Nations should coordinate activities among member countries as well as encourage participation by the private sector to promote sustainable use of the world’s natural resources. Specifically, the presence of such inter-governmental organizations plays a major role in initiating negotiations on reducing industrial pollution level or other toxic waste.
In short, the blame for the most recent mass extinction is not natural calamities
– it is human. Therefore, several solutions need to be done to tackle this worrying trend and save endangered species from the brink of extinction.

Some people say that it is possible for a country to be both economically successful and have a clean environment. Others disagree. Discuss both view and give your opinion.

Some people say that it is possible for a country to be both economically successful and have a clean environment. Others disagree. Discuss both view and give your opinion.

Sustainable development has gradually become a growing concern on a global scale. While some people believe that balancing economic growth and environment protection is nearly impractical, I am more convinced of the opposite views for the following reasons.
First, it is common for the society to be induced to think that economic progress is associated with pollutant emission growth and depletable resource consumption. For instant, accelerating urbanization, despite an important instrument for economic development, is one of the driving forces behind the loss of agricultural land. As a result, not only natural habitats that are home to wildlife is endangered but also arable land is shrinking due to urban expansion. In addition, exhaust emissions from manufacturing factories, consisting of harmful particles suspended in the air as well as heavier materials that remain on the surface are contaminating the environment at an alarming rate. The pursuit of high growth at all costs, for example of China - world’s second-largest economy could lead to severe pollution.
On the other hand, I still hold a strong belief that the combination of economic and environment sustainability is within our reach. In this era of high technology, scientists have developed multiple alternatives to replace traditional sources of exploitation in many fields. The rise of renewable energy from wind, sunlight or ocean waves would be the answer for escalating demand. What’s even more encouraging is the fact that many countries are joining hands and pooling their resources to cut down industrial pollution. Commitment to protect the environment and prioritize sustainable development over resource extraction would allow the economy to thrive in the long run.
In short, even though achieving economic goals is of utmost importance, each nation should incorporate environmental issues in the policy making process. Only then can human race exist in perfect harmony with nature.

Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?

Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do?

 
Since several environmental problems have been caused by humans’ forces, we need to act responsibly to reduce the damage that we are doing to the Earth. This essay will explain environmental problems and what governments and individuals can do to address these problems.
Two of the threats to the environment are air pollution and waste. Global warming, which is well-known as a global issue because of its devastating effect on the environment, is a result of gas emissions from factories and exhaust fumes from vehicles. In addition, the increase in human population comes along with a huge quantity of waste, which contaminates the Earth and pollutes rivers and oceans.
On one hand, governments could reduce air pollution in many ways. First, they could introduce laws to put a limit on factories’ gas emissions or force companies to use renewable energy in production. Second, they could also innovate the public transport system to become more convenient and greener. By this way, governments can encourage people to take public transport instead of driving, therefore reducing emissions.
On the other hand, individuals should also be responsible to lower down pollution level in their surroundings. They can take buses and subways or other means of public transportation rather than driving, which could reduce the amount of exhaust fumes from vehicles. Also, people should purchase reusable products and recycle as much as possible to avoid releasing too much waste. For example, Vietnamese people are recommended to use resuable or paper bags when going shopping instead of plastic bags to cut down on plastic bags consumption.
In conclusion, both national governments and individuals must understand the harmful impact they have on the environment and be responsible to ease damage.

It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise. What are the causes and solutions?

It is difficult for people in the cities to get enough physical exercise. What are the causes and solutions?

 
It is quite challenging for the city dwellers to exercise adequately. The prevalence of low physical activity among urban population is mainly associated with limited access to exercise facilities and perceived lack of time. Fortunately, there are several measures that can be taken to address these heightened concerns.
To begin with, myriad reasons can keep people off their feet; however, the dearth of parks and open spaces in urban settings is identified as one of the biggest culprits behind the decreased physical activity. Sadly enough, excessive urbanization has led to the depletion and transformation of the natural landscape. Ineffective land use and low priority to green spaces would eventually discourage physical activity engagement among citizens. In addition, the shortage of time is another factor that limits exercise participation in urban areas. As the hectic daily schedule puts one in a constant state of stress and hurry, draining most of their energy and time, reluctance to exercise would ensue.
In order to promote an active lifestyle among urban dwellers, joint efforts of the authority and individuals are of paramount importance. First, urban designers and planners should create supportive built environments to facilitate physical activity engagement. As green spaces and recreational facilities are the perk of a great neighborhood, their ubiquitous presence would encourage residents to make active living part of their daily routine. Moreover, companies and schools should join hands in incorporating regular exercises into work hours and school hours. By instilling exercise sessions during office hours, businesses are building fitness opportunities for workers to stay fit and healthy; thereby, increasing energy levels, reducing sick days and giving employee productivity a boost.
In conclusion, urban infrastructure and the pressure of modern life are major barriers against active living in big cities. Therefore, effective land use along with the promotion of work-life balance will be essential to achieve the goal of making physical activity a regular and natural part of people’s daily lives.

In some countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that it is the responsibility of governments to solve the problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In some countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that it is the responsibility of governments to solve the problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health threats in modern day society. While some people say that the government should hold the responsibility for tackling the problem, I strongly believe that collective actions of individuals and the authority are needed to combat the childhood obesity crisis.
First, advocates of the former argument would point out that it is the duty of the government to ensure healthy communities and address public health concerns including childhood obesity epidemic. For instance, they should initiate several strategies aimed at increasing habitual physical activity and sports participation, thereby reducing obesity rates. In addition, the authority also has a part to play in the heavy bombardment of unhealthy food advertising targeting children. In other words, the authority should impose strict censorship of material before it is published, slashing the constant stream of ads for junk food.
On the other hand, eating behaviors that affect weight are heavily influenced by elders in a family. The involvement of parents and caretakers, therefore, will be needed to reverse the epidemic. During early childhood, parents are the main source of children’s food and drink which determines whether or not kids experience unhealthy weight gain. Moreover, as children often unconsciously imitate words and actions of others, parents could serve as powerful role models in establishing healthy eating habits and being physically active. Ultimately, under careful parental supervision, children would participate in more active pursuits and adopt healthy eating patterns; hence, lower obesity rates ensue.
In conclusion, in order to confront growing level of childhood obesity, joint efforts of government agencies and families are essential to promote a more responsible lifestyle choice in young generations.

Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages.

Some people think that good health is very important to every person, so medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do the advantages of private health care outweigh the disadvantages.

In the hectic modern-day life, staying physically and mentally healthy is of paramount importance. While some people argue that medical care should be provided by private entities, I believe that the dominance of private hospitals and clinics pose more threats than benefits.
To begin with, private sector is supposedly more efficient and responsive to patients’ needs because of market competition. In order to gain widespread popularity, private practices would employ well-qualified personnel and top- notch treatment facilities, attracting and retaining patients with competitive services. Consequently, by virtue of high-quality medical care and favorable staff’s attitude, patients often choose to bypass free public clinic and opt for private doctors. Another argument in support of private services is the relatively substantial funding compared to public ones. Bountiful financial resources would eventually result in research findings on medicine and treatment for acute health problems, from which patients are intended beneficiaries.
On the other hand, advocates of public sectors have highlighted inequities in access to health care resulting from the inability of the poor to pay for private services. There have been cases of private healthcare institutions charging exorbitant fees for medical treatments. Sadly though, the government has little control over the quality and the amount private hospitals and clinics charge the patients. In this situation, citizens are left at the whim of healthcare providers who are mostly driven by profit motives, rather than serving the ailing mankind. Furthermore, there are also moral and ethical issues regarding doctors and nursing staff in private sector. Some physicians would prescribe brand-name medications based on the commissions from pharmaceutical companies.
In short, even though they offer better service and more cutting-edge medical equipment than their public-sector counterparts, negative aspects of the private providers such as overcharge and unethical staff overshadow the advantages.

People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a society. What extent do you agree or disagree?

People should look after their health for personal benefits, rather than a duty for a society. What extent do you agree or disagree?

In the hectic modern-day life, people are increasingly leaning towards a healthier lifestyle. However, whether being health-conscious is for the sake of one individual or for the benefit of society at large is open to debate. In my opinion, I reckon that not only staying healthy would do good to oneself but it also indicates the duty of every citizen.
To begin with, one’s mental and physical condition is inextricably linked to their life quality. In essence, those who maintain a good overall health are capable of performing their tasks more effectively than physically weaker counterparts. In other words, a person’s well-being at the grass-roots level provides the foundation for building wealth and reaching desirable financial status. Additionally, a disease-free body allows people to live life to the fullest, experiencing what life has to offer around you. To illustrate this, one can not participate in extreme sports such as bungee jumping or skydiving if their fitness level is not qualified.
On the other hand, each citizen should consider taking care of their health a responsibility to sustain communal health. Take the outbreak of EBOLA and SARS as a vivid illustration of a single patient infecting a disproportionate number of contact. This is an important wake-up call for ignorant members in every community. In order to prevent and control the super spreading of emerging viruses, concerted effort of the authority and each inhabitant of great importance. Furthermore, a strong and healthy labour force plays a pivotal role in the economic growth of a nation. Consequently, a thriving country with a steadily rising budget would allocate necessary resources to improve the welfare system, ensuring equal access quality health care to all.
In short, human resource is the most valuable asset of a country. Therefore, a healthy community calls for collective actions, in which all the sectors - the local government, individual citizens as well as other groups work together for a common purpose. Staying healthy both physically and mentally can do good to each person and the community as a whole.

In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that this is the responsibility of governments to solve the problem. What extent do you agree or disagree?

In many countries, children are becoming overweight and unhealthy. Some people think that this is the responsibility of governments to solve the problem. What extent do you agree or disagree?

In recent years, obesity has become one of the most serious health problems among people of all ages, especially children. Although there are people who believe that the government should take the full responsibility to find the solutions for this problem, I would argue that parents and schools also play a vital role in dealing with the issue.
On one hand, there are several effective solutions on this problem that the government should consider. First, the government may conduct official conferences and news on the symptoms and effects of obesity to raise public awareness. By this way, people will be encouraged to have an active, healthy diet and lifestyle. Second, advertisements on foods and drinks that contain high level of sugar and fat should be restricted on TV and other means of mass media. In fact, since 2017, a ban on junk foods and soft drinks advertisement before 9 pm has come into effect by the UK.
On the other hand, parents and schools are also responsible for maintaining low level of obesity among their children. One of the main causes that make children overweight and unhealthy is the choice of daily diet by their parents. A healthy nutritional balanced diet is necessary for every children to grow up normally without having any serious diseases. As the lack of physical exercises can also lead to an obese child, an adequate amount of physical education sessions needs to be held weekly by schools for their young students to keep fit and stay healthy.
To conclude, childhood obesity has become a rising issue in modern society, but I strongly believe that it can still be controlled if the government, parents, and schools get together to help our children.

Students learn far more with their teachers than other sources (internet or television), To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Students learn far more with their teachers than other sources (internet or television), To what extent do you agree or disagree?

 
The dominance of the Internet technology has brought about drastic changes in almost every aspect of our life, including education. While some people argue that teachers remain the most important factor contributing to student achievement, I am more convinced that students can gain more knowledge through novel learning sources such as the Internet or television.
To start with, regarded as the global data warehouse, the Internet offers an enormous amount of knowledge for just about every subject known to man, ranging from arts, history to archeology and astronomy, the lists is simply endless. Thanks to the usefulness of the information available, motivated self-learners can access a wealth of material straight from respectable university sources. Realistically, one can probably find almost anything he wishes to know on the World wide web. Whereas, rigid school curriculum is likely to keep students from realizing their great individual potential. In fact, the needs and learning styles of each student are so varied that a standardized curriculum will not work.
On the other hand, supporters of traditional learning environment would argue that the presence of qualified teachers is of paramount importance in helping students acquire knowledge in a systematic way. However, there is mounting evidence that students are becoming alienated and bored by traditional teaching methods. In stark contrast, digital learning tools help every student learn at the best pace and path for them. The opportunity to customize learning sequences for each student will make education more productive. Moreover, by incorporating both visual and audio contents, online learning would provide a more engaging and dynamic experience for students of all ages. Eventually, better engagement would lead to productivity and improved motivation.
In conclusion, with the advent of the world wide web, teachers are no longer the only guidance for students. Self-motivated learners can obtain far more from online resources, and customize the materials to fit their interest and learning style.

Students leave high school without learning the way how to manage their money. What are the reasons and solutions of this issue?

Students leave high school without learning the way how to manage their money. What are the reasons and solutions of this issue?

High school students are studying up on literature, chemistry and world history; however, most are not learning fundamental money lessons to help themfinancially navigate the real world. Parents’ lack of financial knowledge and negligence towards the matter are the biggest culprits; thus, several measures need to be taken to tackle those heightened concerns.
On the one hand, regardless of the fact that an overwhelming majority of teens desire more financial education, neither parents nor educational institutions are paying proper attention to financial literacy. It is said that a number of high schools are doing the bare minimum to equip students with the required skills for money management. In other words, state governments are focused on teaching the core subjects of Maths and English that personal finance often gets overlooked. In addition, parents today are not confident in their abilities to teach their kids about money management. Sadly enough, many parents have not learned critical financial values themselves; hence, they may be passing bad financial habits to their kids.
In essence, most teenagers lack personal money management skill as noone around them talks about it. Therefore, it is vital for parents to use financial hardships and strained budgets as an opportunity to talk about finances and teach kids about managing money around the dinner table. Teenage kids should also be included in budget planning through a weekly or monthly allowance. Another feasible approach is the embedding of financial literacy course into the school curriculum. Amongst traditional core subjects, students should be required to complete personal-finance classes to graduate.
In conclusion, lack of financial knowledge could leave serious implications on a kid’s livelihood. This is calling for collective actions of parents and schools to bring money-related education into everyday conversations as well as the official curriculum.

Writing, reading and maths are the three major subjects. Some people think that computer skill should be added as a fourth subject. What extent do you agree or disagree?

Writing, reading and maths are the three major subjects. Some people think that computer skill should be added as a fourth subject. What extent do you agree or disagree?

It is argued that computer skills should be added to the school curriculum alongside traditional core subjects, namely writing, reading and maths. I strongly agree with this view for the following reasons.
First, reading skill is of paramount importance to a child’s success. The comprehension of written words equip an individual the ability to understand what is read, and therefore he or she can pursue any area of life that they are interested in. Similarly, people with good writing skills are generally associated as more credible, more capable than those who frequently has typos and grammatical errors. The intrinsic value of literacy skills is to ensure effective communication in our daily lives. Secondly, compulsory algebra courses in the education system would nurture reasoning, analytical thinking which prepare our mind for real problems in life.
On the other hand, there are a multitude of reasons why the introduction of computer studies at school is crucial in the era of information technology. Given the enormous amount of valuable material and knowledge available on the Internet, only when one is well-acquainted with basic digital skills, can they take advantage of the countless information resources worldwide. Lack of fundamental computer skills could be easily classified as the biggest culprit behind that cause one individual to lag behind their peers. In addition, proficiency in office-based applications such as Word, Powerpoint and Excel is one of the essential prerequisites if one aspires to thrive in the modern-day workplace. In other words, primary computer-related skills are inextricably linked with career progression as well as keeping apace with the surrounding world.
In conclusion, as computer skill is an eligibility criterion for almost all the modern-day jobs, it should be listed as a required subject along with literacy and numeracy skills.

Everyone should stay at school until 18. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Everyone should stay at school until 18. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is said that all children should continue schooling until the age of eighteen. While this policy may prove to be beneficial to a certain extent, I hold the view that it is not fit for all.
To begin with, there are a number of apparent reasons for keeping school leaving age to eighteen. First, it is of paramount importance to equip youngsters with fundamental life skills and knowledge so that they can enter the workforce as highly-qualified candidates. Working at an early age, albeit providing valuable hands-on experience, is likely to deter kids from pursuing higher education. In fact, without the proper education and training, rarely could children under eighteen make right career decisions as well as possess appropriate skill sets to negotiate higher base salary. Moreover, teenage years are theoretical milestones of adolescents’ development in shaping their personality traits. Thus, only by staying in education under the guidance and orientation of adults could young people grasp moral behaviours and become law-abiding citizens.
On the other hand, I strongly believe that not all children are obliged to attend a school until eighteen. A notable exception is for those with poor academic performance. There are multiple cases of successful entrepreneurs who drop out of school, yet managed to establish a thriving business without any formal education background. In other words, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to learning. Some individuals would learn best through direct contacts with real life circumstances. In addition, gifted kids with special talents should be noticed and nurtured in a different training course to boost their innate ability to the fullest. For example, a girl bestowed with a great voice should spend time on practicing singing skills so that her talent can prosper instead of learning subjects which are not her forte.
In short, compulsory education until the age of eighteen is acceptable since children in teenage years still lack intellectual and emotional maturity. However, the essence of education is to tap into the potential in learners. Therefore, kids should be given the freedom to follow the most suitable learning path based on their individual style and inborn talents.

Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?

Parents often give children everything they ask for and do what they like. Is it good for children? What are the consequences when they grow up?

 
Modern parents are giving into children’s demands and buy them all the latest toys and gadgets. I would argue that on no account can this parenting style bring any benefits for kids in the long run. Worse still, this negative education would cause detrimental consequences when they reach adulthood.
First, over-indulgence can be harmful to young children, both socially and developmentally. When kids are provided with the latest must-have items, they are less likely to grasp the notion of sharing or appreciation for their parents’ affection. Eventually, they interpret negative behaviours such as whining or begging as a way to manipulate others. In addition, little do the young ones comprehend the value of hard-earned money if adults keep showering them in spending splurges. Consequently, spoilt kids can become insensitive to the needs of others, are prone to temper tantrum and have trouble deferring gratification.
Second, instant gratification could lead to adverse consequences in the future. Children who are spoiled do not have to learn responsible behaviours. Nor do they understand the concept of boundaries as adults and can develop problems such as gambling, overeating or drinking. Lacking in emotional maturity and having poor problem-solving skills, these adults might flounder and become unhappy with their lives. Furthermore, as over-indulged and over protected kids do not grasp the lesson of giving and taking in a relationship, they can have difficulty in establishing and maintaining meaningful friendships.
In short, sometimes effective parenting skills involve resisting the desire to give kids whatever they want. Indeed, spoilt kids can lack life skills necessary to successfully negotiate the demands of adulthood given that their troubles have always been tackled by parents’ money.

Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Today, a lot of teenagers find it difficult to choose between getting a job or continuing their education after graduating from high school. Even though there are some benefits of working straight after school, I believe that going to college or university is the better option.
There are several reasons why people believe that getting a job is the better choice. First, if people start to work at the age of 18, they could earn money on their own and be able to live independently without their parents’ financial support. In fact, many students in Western countries tend to find a job after high school to afford their living. Second, people who choose to start their career early instead of going to university or college can have more opportunities to gain real experience and learn exclusive skills for their jobs. Therefore, this may bring out a good chance of getting promoted to higher positions such as managers or executives.
On the other hand, I strongly believe that students would gain more benefits if they continue their studies. Firstly, a plenty of employers might ask for high academic qualifications from people applying for some professional jobs. For many high-paying jobs such as statisticians, economists, and medical jobs, master’s degree is one of the most vital requirements. Secondly, today job market is more competitive and a bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in your resumé can be a huge advantage compared to other applicants. Employers would prefer a person who has an adequate amount of knowledge to work efficiently with less training time.
For the above reasons, it seems to me that students with higher academic background are likely to be more successful in pursuing their dream jobs.

In today’s world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters, and writers. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

In today’s world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters, and writers. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

 
Today, science and technology have a great impact on the whole world in all aspects. However, the role of artists is also undeniable thanks to their contribution to the society.
There are many things that artists can tell us about life that science and technology are not able to. To begin with, language, which is surprisingly a branch of art, gives people the sense of humanity, and differentiates human beings from animals. Furthermore, artists can boost our emotions and change our feelings with their artworks. For example, lots of Beethoven’s fans feel relieved and motivated when they listen to his masterpieces.
Another field in which we learn from art is related to culture and history. Many countries show their history through a piece of painting or the way that people perform their traditional dances in unique costumes. For instance, “Dong Ho” paintings depict not only the daily life of Vietnamese people hundred years ago but also their dreams about a well-off life. For many people, exploring art is also one type of entertainment. There are people who travel around the world to visit historical places and art galleries, which helps them learn more about the culture and history of other nations. By contrast, science and technology are all about practical and physical aspects and contribute less to our lives emotionally and socially.
To conclude, there is no denying that science and technology have great values in our lives. However, artists can teach people about many aspects of their lives that the modern technology is not capable of.

Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?

Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since computer technology can replace their functions. Do you agree or disagree?

Today, computer technology is becoming more and more advanced. Many people think that it is wasteful to spend money on maintaining public libraries because most of their functions can be replaced with computer technology. However, I firmly believe that library should never be disregarded by our society. On one hand, the development of computer science has brought about lots of benefits to our lives. Anyone could obtain and store a great amount of information online easily instead of going to public libraries to search for them. People can also read books on the move with their mobile devices such as iPhones, iPads, and so on. Furthermore, people do not have to remember the deadline to return the books.
On the other hand, public libraries still have several advantages over the Internet. First, a library always plays an important role as a reliable learning resource. Individuals could get access to sufficient data for their studies when they use public libraries. Second, individuals have more chances to make new friends and exchange learning experience when studying in a library. This opportunity can rarely be found on studying in front of a computer. Compared with only studying via the Internet, students could study in a more quiet and professional environment for academic purposes such as doing researches or graduate thesis.
In conclusion, I believe that both public libraries and computer technology are necessary for people to expand their knowledge. Therefore, public libraries will not disappear or be replaced by computer science in the near future because of their unique features and benefits.

As people live longer and longer, the idea of cloning human beings in order to provide spare parts is becoming a reality. The idea horrifies most people, yet it is no longer mere science fiction. To what extent do you agree with such a procedure? Have you any reservations?

As people live longer and longer, the idea of cloning human beings in order to provide spare parts is becoming a reality. The idea horrifies most people, yet it is no longer mere science fiction. To what extent do you agree with such a procedure? Have you any reservations? 

The cloning of animals has been occurring for a number of years now, and this has now opened up the possibility of cloning humans too. Although there are clear benefits to humankind of cloning to provide spare body parts, I believe it raises a number of worrying ethical issues.
Due to breakthroughs in medical science and improved diets, people are living much longer than in the past. This, though, has brought with it problems. As people age, their organs can fail so they need replacing. If humans were cloned, their organs could then be used to replace those of sick people. It is currently the case that there are often not enough organ donors around to fulfil this need, so cloning humans would overcome the issue as there would then be a ready supply. However, for good reasons, many people view this as a worrying development. Firstly, there are religious arguments against it. It would involve creating another human and then eventually killing it in order to use its organs, which it could be argued is murder. This is obviously a sin according to religious contexts. Also, dilemmas would arise over what rights these people have, as surely they would be humans just like the rest of us. Furthermore, if we have the ability to clone humans, it has to be questioned where this cloning will end. Is it then acceptable for people to start cloning relatives or family members who have died?
To conclude, I do not agree with this procedure due to the ethical issues and dilemmas it would create. Cloning animals has been a positive development, but this is where it should end.

The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last ten years. Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend.

The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last ten years. Discuss the causes and effects of this disturbing trend.

Over the last ten years, western societies have seen close to a 20% rise in the number of children who are overweight. This essay will discuss some reasons why this has occurred and examine the consequences of this worrying trend.
The main cause of this problem is poor diet. Over the last decade there has been a prolific increase in the number of fast food restaurants. For example, on nearly every high street there is a MacDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut. The food in these places has been proven to be very unhealthy, and much of the advertising is targeted at children, thus ensuring that they constitute the bulk of the customers of these establishments. However, it is not only due to eating out, but also the type of diet many children have at home. A lot of food consumed is processed food, especially with regards to ready-made meals which are a quick and easy option for parents who are working hard.
The effects of this have been and will continue to be very serious. Firstly, there has been a large increase in health related diseases amongst children, especially diabetes. This debilitating illness means a child has to be injected with insulin for the rest of their life. Not only this, very overweight children often experience bullying from other children, which may affect their mental health. The negative stigma of being overweight may also affect self-esteem.
To sum up, it is evident that there are several causes of obesity amongst children, and a variety of negative effects. Society must ensure steps are taken to prevent this problem from deteriorating further.

Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems.

Overpopulation of urban areas has led to numerous problems. Identify one or two serious ones and suggest ways that governments and individuals can tackle these problems.

Many countries of the world are currently experiencing problems caused by rapidly growing populations in urban areas, and both governments and individuals have a duty to find ways to overcome these problems.
Overpopulation can lead to overcrowding and poor quality housing in many large cities. Poorly heated or damp housing could cause significant health problems, resulting in illness, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Another serious consequence of overcrowding is a rising crime rate as poor living conditions may lead young people in particular to take desperate measures and turn to crime or drugs.
In terms of solutions, I believe the government should be largely responsible. Firstly, it is vital that the state provides essential housing and healthcare for all its citizens. Secondly, setting up community projects to help foster more community spirit and help keep young people off the street is a good idea. For example, youth clubs or evening classes for teenagers would keep them occupied. Finally, more effective policing of inner city areas would also be beneficial. Naturally, individuals should also act responsibly to address these problems, and the motivation to do this would hopefully arise if the measures described above are put into place by the government. This is because it will encourage people to have more pride in their own community and improve the situation.
Therefore, it is clear that the problems caused by overpopulation in urban areas are very serious. Yet if governments and individuals share a collective responsibility, then it may well become possible to offer some solutions.

In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

In order to solve traffic problems, governments should tax private car owners heavily and use the money to improve public transportation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a solution?

Traffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on car drivers and use this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure.
One of the first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor. For example, we often see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes.
Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, this would be a heavy burden on the car drivers. At present, taxes are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed amount. This would mean that it would hit those with less money harder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax.
To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a policy.

Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world. What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions.

Levels of youth crime are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world. What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions.

Over the last few decades, many cities around the world have seen alarming increases in the levels of youth crime. This essay will discuss the reasons for this and provide some possible solutions.
The first reason is connected with the family. In order for a child to grow up in a balanced way, it is very important that he or she is nurtured well by his or her parents. However, these days, it is often the case that children are neglected. This may be because of the fact that many parents in cities now both have to work so are often not around to give their children support when needed. Another factor is the increasing levels of poverty around the world. We have seen with globalization the rich get richer and the poor get poorer, and this inevitably means that those who are poorer will have to resort to illegal means to get what others have. Of course, this will include the children in the poorer families.
However, there are ways to tackle such problems. Firstly, one of the ways to combat the problem is to have stricter punishments. Although, as discussed above, it can be outside factors that lead to crime, it is still important to have severe punishments to deter teenagers from crime. All too often, because they are young, the courts are too lenient. Parents also have to take more responsibility for their children’s actions. They too should be punished if their children commit crime.
To sum up, several factors have led to increases in youth crime, but measures are available to tackle this problem.

Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Government investment in the arts, such as music and theatre, is a waste of money. Governments must invest this money in public services instead. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

 
These days, the government spends a large part of its budget not only on public services, but also arts. Although I agree that it is important to spend money on public services, I do not think spending on the arts is a waste of money.
There are several reasons for spending a significant amount of the government budget on public services. First and foremost, public services are the things such as hospitals, roads and schools, and these things determine the quality of life that most of us will have. For example, if the government does not spend enough money on hospitals, the health of our society may decline. Similarly, if not enough money is spent on schools, our children may not be properly educated. Also, it will be the poor in our society that will be affected more if we do not spend enough on these things because they are the ones more dependent on such services.
However, this does not mean that the arts should be completely neglected. To begin, it is difficult for many arts institutions to generate much profit, so without some help from the government, many theaters and other such places may have to close. Moreover, the arts also have an important impact on our quality of life. Many people get great pleasure in going to see music and theatre performances so it is important that the government assists such institutions so that they can continue to provide entertainment to the public.
To sum up, there are clear benefits of ensuring a large amount of investment goes into public services as this influences the quality of life for nearly all of us. That said, I do not believe spending money on the arts is a waste of money as this too provides important benefits.

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Some people think that the best way to reduce crime is to give longer prison sentences. Others, however, believe there are better alternative ways of reducing crime. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Crime is a serious and growing problem in most societies. Although many people believe that the best way to tackle this is to place people in prison for longer periods, others are of the opinion that other measures will be more effective.
There are benefits of giving offenders longer prison sentences. Firstly, spending a long time in prison provides an opportunity for the prison services to rehabilitate a prisoner. For example, someone who has committed a serious offence such as assault will need a long time in prison in order to be sure they can be re-educated not to re-offend. In addition to this, longer prison sentences will act as a deterrent for someone who is thinking of committing a crime.
However, some people argue that leaving people in prison for a long time means that they will mix with other criminals and so their character will not improve. One alternative is community service. This gives an offender the opportunity to give something positive back to society, and so it may improve their character. Also, the government could focus its resources on the causes of crime, which would lead to less crime in the future.
In my opinion, it is important to look at alternative methods. Many countries have lengthy prison sentences, but crime has continued to increase throughout the world, so it is clear that this is not completely effective. That said, long prison sentences should remain for those who commit serious crimes such as assault or murder, as justice for the victim and their family should take priority.
To conclude, there are good arguments for and against long sentences, so governments must continue to research the various methods of crime reduction to ensure effective policies are in place.

Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs. Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs. Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals and society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

These days, more and more people are making the choice to go to university. While some people are of the opinion that the only purpose of a university education is to improve job prospects, others think that society and the individual benefit in much broader ways.
It is certainly true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job. The majority of people want to improve their future career prospects and attending university is one of the best ways to do this as it increases a persons marketable skills and attractiveness to potential employers. In addition, further education is very expensive for many people, so most would not consider it if it would not provide them with a more secure future and a higher standard of living. Thus job prospects are very important.
However, there are other benefits for individuals and society. Firstly,  the independence of living away from home is a benefit because it helps the students develop better social skills and improve as a person. A case in point is that many students will have to leave their families, live in halls of residence and meet new friends. As a result, their maturity and confidence will grow enabling them to live more fulfilling lives. Secondly, society will gain from the contribution that the graduates can make to the economy. We are living in a very competitive world, so countries need educated people in order to compete and prosper.
Therefore, I believe that although a main aim of university education is to get the best job, there are clearly further benefits. If we continue to promote and encourage university attendance, it will lead to a better future for individuals and society.

Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Alternative medicine is not new. It is accepted that it pre-dates conventional medicine and it is still used by many people all over the world. I am not convinced that it is dangerous, and feel that both alternative and conventional medicine can be useful.
There are several reasons why the conventional medical community is often dismissive of alternatives. Firstly, there has been little scientific research into such medicine, so there is a scarcity of evidence to support the claims of their supporters. Furthermore, people often try such treatment because of recommendations from friends, and therefore come to the therapist with a very positive attitude, which may be part of the reason for the cure. Moreover, these therapies are usually only useful for long-term, chronic conditions. Acute medical problems, such as accidental injury, often require more conventional methods.
On the other hand, there remain strong arguments for the use of alternatives. Despite the lack of scientific proof, there is a lot of anecdotal evidence to suggest that these therapies work. In addition, far from being dangerous, they often have few or no side effects, so the worst outcome would be no change. One of the strongest arguments for the effectiveness of alternative therapies in the West is that, whilst conventional medicine is available without charge, many people are prepared to pay considerable sums for alternatives. If they were totally unhelpful, it would be surprising if this continues.
I strongly believe that conventional medicine and alternative therapies can and should coexist. They have different strengths, and can both be used effectively to target particular medical problems. The best situation would be for alternative therapies to be used to support and complement conventional medicine.

Some of the methods used in advertising are unethical and unacceptable in today’s society.To what extent do you agree with this view?

Some of the methods used in advertising are unethical and unacceptable in today’s society.To what extent do you agree with this view?

The world that we live in today is dominated by advertising. Adverts are on television, on the World Wide Web, in the street and even on our mobile phones. However, many of the strategies used to sell a product or service can be considered immoral or unacceptable.
To begin with, the fact that we cannot escape from advertising is a significant cause for complaint. Constant images and signs wherever we look can be very intrusive and irritating at times. Take for example advertising on the mobile phone. With the latest technology mobile companies are now able to send advertising messages via SMS to consumer’s phones whenever they choose. Although we expect adverts in numerous situations, it now seems that there are very few places we can actually avoid them.
A further aspect of advertising that I would consider unethical is the way that it encourages people to buy products they may not need or cannot afford. Children and young people in particular are influenced by adverts showing the latest toys, clothing or music and this can put enormous pressure on the parents to buy these products. In addition, the advertising of tobacco products and alcohol has long been a controversial issue, but cigarette adverts have only recently been banned in many countries. It is quite possible that alcohol adverts encourage excessive consumption and underage drinking, yet restrictions have not been placed on this type of advertising in the same way as smoking.
It is certainly true to say that advertising is an everyday feature of our lives. Therefore, people are constantly being encouraged to buy products or services that might be too expensive, unnecessary or even unhealthy. In conclusion, many aspects of advertising do appear to be morally wrong and are not acceptable in today's society.

Computers have changed the way people study.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computers as study aids?

Computers have changed the way people study.What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computers as study aids? 

Advancements in technology have made a significant difference to the way in which people are able to learn, and though this is mostly beneficial, there are also some negative aspects that will also be considered.
Beginning with the positive points, the ability to work on assessments and coursework on a computer means that work can be saved safely and transported from place to place. Before the arrival of computers, students traditionally had files and folders with their course notes, and this took up a considerable amount of room and was difficult to keep track of; now, complete lecture notes and much more can be stored on a flash drive that can be easily put in a pocket or bag.
In addition, lectures and learning material can be made available online, allowing for a multimedia educational environment. This is likely to engage a wider range of students as it has the ability to cater for a wider range of learning styles. For example, some students study best by repeatedly listening to a teacher, and this can now be achieved more conveniently by having videos available.
On the downside, there are occasions where information stored digitally can be deleted, overwritten or corrupted, all situations that do not occur on traditional paper based work. There is also the concern that material can be garnered from the Internet and passed off as the students own work, making plagiarism a potential issue. However, the concept of plagiarism has long been a problem, and there are computer programs available today that will pinpoint the source of non original work.
In conclusion, although there are potential disadvantages, they are outweighed by the positives.

People who start a university course but do not complete it should be fined. Do you agree or disagree?

People who start a university course but do not complete it should be fined. Do you agree or disagree?

Of the number of undergraduates that begin a course of tertiary study, there is a percentage of those that do not finish the course, but the argument that they should therefore be financially penalised is riddled with potential problems.
It needs to be considered first of all what motivated the student to leave their studies before they have graduated. If the decision was made due to financial constraints, then clearly adding an additional fine is simply adding to the pressure. For example, there are many older people who decide to go back to university but may already have a mortgage and dependent children, and may consequently find that their income is insufficient to cover their needs.
Moreover, rather than attempting to make the student pay, it might be better to consider whether the student was actually given sufficient support during their studies. There are situations where the student may feel that they are not following the course and are unable complete the required assignments, and therefore leave the course. Retention rates may be improved if there were personal tutors on hand to offer advice to those students who are losing confidence in their ability to remain on the course.
On the other hand, there is an argument that the risk of a penalty would dissuade people from starting courses that they were not particularly motivated to complete in the first place.
In conclusion, therefore, although the idea of being charged for non completion of a course would perhaps reduce the number of uncommitted enrolments, it is not an advisable solution for genuine students.